Are 5w and 0w oils too thin?

[Opie Oils]

I read on many forums about 0w and 5w oils being too thin.

0w-40, 5w-40, 10w-40 and 15w-40 are all the same thickness (14 centistokes) at 100degC.

Centistokes (cst) is the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow (viscosity). It is calculated in terms of the time required for a standard quantity of fluid at a certain temperature to flow through a standard orifice. The higher the value, the more viscous the fluid.

As viscosity varies with temperature, the value is meaningless unless accompanied by the temperature at which it is measured. In the case of oils, viscosity is generally reported in centistokes (cst) and usually measured at 40degC and 100degC.

So, all oils that end in 40 (sae 40) are around 14cst thickness at 100degC.

This applies to all oils that end in the same number, all oils that end in 50 (sae 50) are around 18.5cst at 100degC and all oils that end in 60 (sae 60) are around 24cst at 100degC.

With me so far?

Great!

Now, ALL oils are thicker when cold. Confused? It's true and here is a table to illustrate this.

SAE 40 (straight 40)

Temp degC.........................Viscosity (thickness)

0..........................................2579cst
20..........................................473cst
40..........................................135cst
60..........................................52.2cs t
100........................................ 14cst
120.........................................8.8cst

As you will see, there is plenty of viscosity at 0degC, in fact many times more than at 100degC and this is the problem especially in cold weather, can the oil flow quick enough to protect vital engine parts at start up. Not really!

So, given that an sae 40 is 14cst at 100degC which is adequate viscosity to protect the engine, and much thicker when cold, how can a 0w oil be too thin?

Well, it can't is the truth.

The clever part (thanks to synthetics) is that thin base oils can be used so that start up viscosity (on say a 5w-40 at 0degC) is reduced to around 800cst and this obviously gives much better flow than a monograde sae 40 (2579cst as quoted above).

So, how does this happen, well as explained at the beginning, it's all about temperature, yes a thin base oil is still thicker when cold than at 100degC but the clever stuff (due to synthetics again) is that the chemists are able to build these oils out of molecules that do not thin to less than 14cst at 100degC!

What are the parameters for our recommendations?
Well, we always talk about good cold start protection, by this we mean flow so a 5w will flow better than a 10w and so on. This is why we recommend 5w or 10w as the thickest you want to use except in exceptional circumstances. Flow is critical to protect the engine from wear!

We also talk about oil temps, mods and what the car is used for. This is related to the second number xw-(XX) as there may be issues with oil temperatures causing the oil to be too thin and therefore the possibility of metal to metal contact.

This is difficult to explain but, if for example your oil temp does not exceed 120degC at any time then a good "shear stable" sae 40 is perfectly capable of giving protection.

"Shear stability" is important here because if the oil shears it thins and that's not good!

However, if you are seeing temperatures in excess of 120degC due to mods and track use etc then there is a strong argument to using an sae 50 as it will have more viscosity at these excessive temperatures.

There are trade offs here. Thicker oils cause more friction and therefore more heat and they waste power and affect fuel consumption so it's always best to use the thinnest oil (i.e. second number) that you can get away with and still maintain oil pressure.

I hope this helps explain a bit.

Cheers

Guy.

[I-S]

Good post, but it might be helpful to give the cst vs temp data for a 5W40 oil to provide comparison to the single-grade SAE40 data? A graph of the two oils viscosity (y) vs temp (x) would also be good.

[White Lightning]

Good write up Guy

So should we be using a 0w-30 oil on track ? My oil temp typically gets up to around 110oC on track and this is the type of oil I am using ...

?

[Opie Oils]

A good 0w-30 will be fine at those temps, but to be honest I would be using a SAE40 or SAE50 for heavy track use.

Cheers

Guy.

[mpau009]

SOooo. since i did a change yesterday based on the advice i got at the shop, and put in 5w 30.

Is this good enough for cold start protection daily, or too thick? I usually wait until theres some decent heat in the engine before running boost, but if its no good, then id like to change it again ASAP! Before that i was using 5w 40, but they didnt have any of that in a decent brand.

I have oil pressure and temp gauges, and havent noticed anything out of the ordinary, but then i dont really look too close at WOT

[White Lightning]

Someone tell me what WOT means please ...

[Nutter_John]

wide open throttle - ie foot to floor , pedal to the metal

[White Lightning]

wide open throttle - ie foot to floor , pedal to the metal

Thought it was that but was not sure what the acronym stood for ...

[Opie Oils]

SOooo. since i did a change yesterday based on the advice i got at the shop, and put in 5w 30.

Is this good enough for cold start protection daily, or too thick? I usually wait until theres some decent heat in the engine before running boost, but if its no good, then id like to change it again ASAP! Before that i was using 5w 40, but they didnt have any of that in a decent brand.

I have oil pressure and temp gauges, and havent noticed anything out of the ordinary, but then i dont really look too close at WOT

5w is fine for cold starts, in fact it is very good!

Cheers

Guy.